Learn how Kirchhoff's circuit laws work: the current law at a node, the voltage law around a loop, sign conventions, and a fully solved two-loop circuit you can check against a simulator or a breadboard.
Learn how Ohm's law works: the V = IR relationship, how to solve for voltage, current, or resistance with real units, when the law applies, and how to check your answers with power.
Learn how electrical resistance works: why materials oppose current, how length and thickness change it, why heat changes it, and how to measure it correctly on an unpowered circuit.
Learn how electric current works: what an ampere counts, what actually moves inside a wire, why conventional current flows backward from the electrons, and how to measure current without blowing a fuse.
Learn how voltage works: what a volt really measures, why it always exists between two points, how a battery creates it, and how to measure it safely with a multimeter.
Learn how UART serial communication works, from start bits, stop bits, and baud rates to TX/RX wiring, voltage levels, and the mistakes that turn data into garbage.
